Captain John Smith could be considered the first American author with his works: A True Relation of Such Occurrences and Accidents of Noate as Hath Happened in Virginia... (1608) and The Generall Historie of Virginia, New England, and the Summer Isles (1624). and Rosario Ferré, best known for "Eccentric Neighborhoods"[60][61] Puerto Rico has also produced important playwrights such as René Marqués, Luis Rafael Sánchez, and José Rivera and New York based poets such as Julia de Burgos, Giannina Braschi and Pedro Pietri, as well as various members of the Nuyorican Poets Café.[61]. [34] Sinclair Lewis and Sherwood Anderson also wrote novels with critical depictions of American life. A devout Catholic, O'Connor often imbued her stories, among them the widely studied "A Good Man is Hard to Find" and "Everything That Rises Must Converge", and two novels, Wise Blood (1952); The Violent Bear It Away (1960), with deeply religious themes, focusing particularly on the search for truth and religious skepticism against the backdrop of the nuclear age. Franklin's Poor Richard's Almanac and The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin are esteemed works with their wit and influence toward the formation of a budding American identity. Race was a common issue as well, as seen in the work of Pauline Hopkins, who published five influential works from 1900 to 1903. 4. While many of these novels were popular, the economic infrastructure of the time did not allow these writers to make a living through their writing alone.[17]. Einstein, Darwin, Freud and Marx were just some of the thinkers who profoundly changed Western culture. These efforts were supported by the continuation of slave narratives. Other political writers of the period included Edwin Markham and William Vaughn Moody. She eventually yields to the artful libertine and gives birth to an illegitimate stillborn child at an inn. Among his more accessible works are the novellas Daisy Miller (1878), about an American girl in Europe, and The Turn of the Screw (1898), a ghost story. Many intellectuals believed that the human mind could comprehend the universe through the laws of physics as described by Isaac Newton. Writers such as Langston Hughes, Nella Larsen and Zora Neale Hurston wrote fiction and poetry that celebrated black identity. His masterpiece, The Scarlet Letter (1850), is a drama about a woman cast out of her community for committing adultery. Henry James achieved international recognition with novels like The Portrait of a Lady (1881). Irving wrote humorous works in Salmagundi and the satire A History of New York, by Diedrich Knickerbocker (1809). In 1948, Eliot won the Nobel Prize in Literature.[57]. Coodin holds a Ph.D. in English literature from York University in Toronto. Catherine Maria Sedgwick wrote A New England Tale in 1822, Redwood in 1824, Hope Leslie in 1827, and The Linwoods in 1835. The 20th century is distinguished as the century of urbanism. Beyond the Horizon (first performed 1920), Anna Christie (1921), Desire Under the Elms (1924), and The Iceman Cometh (1946) were naturalistic works, while The Emperor Jones (1920) and The Hairy Ape (1922) made use of the Expressionistic techniques developed in German drama in the period 1914–24. In contrast, John Updike approached American life from a more reflective but no less subversive perspective. The play was not successful, and both critics and audiences thought it dwelt too much on unseemly topics and included improper scenes, such as the main character nursing her husband's illegitimate child onstage. [20][21][22] Robert Montgomery Bird wrote Calavar in 1834 and Nick of the Woods in 1837. In works like The Adventures of Augie March (1953) and Herzog,(1964) Bellow painted vivid portraits of the American city and the distinctive characters that peopled it. James Fenimore Cooper was a notable author best known for his novel The Last of the Mohicans written in 1826. Other noteworthy novels are J.D. The 20th century saw the birth of the ironic narrator, who could not be trusted with the facts of narrative. Although realism was most influential in set design and staging—audiences loved the special effects offered up by the popular melodramas—and in the growth of local color plays, it also showed up in the more subdued, less romantic tone that reflected the effects of the Civil War and continued social turmoil on the American psyche. Fragmented Perspective. In 1973, he published Gravity's Rainbow, a leading work in this genre, which won the National Book Award and was unanimously nominated for the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction that year. In the postwar period, the art of the short story again flourished. He also jumbled time sequences to show how the past – especially the slave-holding era of the Deep South – endures in the present. Gaddis's primary themes include forgery, capitalism, religious zealotry, and the legal system, constituting a sustained polyphonic critique of modern American life. It was published in the same year that anti-Puritan Charles II was restored to the British throne.
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