Often mounting occurs but mating is unsuccessful. Stout body: They have stout and laterally compressed body. Skull modification: the pointed snout cuts the water current. In amniotes, the pineal and parietal bodies regulate photoperiodism. Spring tides cause maximum rise and fall in sea level because moon and sun are on the same side of earth. The reaction may be visible or automatic expression in response to stimuli. They try to orient their body by bending first on one direction and then other which continues until the receptor of two sides is equally stimulated. But this favour must be returned by individuals when their turn comes. The mutual attraction among the members of a colony is maintained by endless antennal caressing, licking and nuzzling during which they trade food, glandular secretions and enzymes, which is called tropholaxis. They follow fortnightly cycle of 14.7 days of high tide after new moon or full moon. In chimpanzees distribution of meat among individuals after collective hunting of monkey has been recorded. There are 2-3 dozen drones in a bee hive all of which energetically pursue a queen in her nuptial flight. Courtship is a social behaviour in which there is an interaction between the male and female members of a species leading to mating and reproduction. The innate behavior is migration, leadership, mating, dominance etc. Kinship favours the spread of an allele that increases the indirect component of fitness of an individual and in most instances it gives rise to altruism. A taxis differs from a tropism (turning response, often growth towards or away from a stimulus) in that the organism has motility and demonstrates guided movement towards or away from the stimulus source. Caterpillar and maggots looking for the sites of pupation vacillate while moving. Migration can ensure better condition for living. Most of the amphibians are well adapted to the particular environment of their surroundings. Movement can be towards or away from the stimulus and depending upon the stimulus it can be names as follows: hygrotaxis (humidity); geotaxis (gravity); chemotaxis (taste or odor); thermotaxis (temperature); anemotaxis (air current); rheotaxis (water current); phototaxis (light intensity); phonotaxis (sound waves); astrotaxis (sun, moon and stars); menotaxis (angle to the stimulus); mnemotaxis (based on memory). Taxes are innatebehavioral responses. Learned behavior: this kind of animal behavior is learned through the course of life cycle, i.e. 1. Chemotaxis: It is the moment of organism in response to the chemicals. ii) Anadromous migration: The migration of fishes from seawater to fresh water especially for breeding purpose is called anadromous migration. Kin selection leads to altruism in a colony and fitness is direct when it gives the individual personal benefit and reproductive advantage, and indirect when the reproductive benefit goes to the colony or relatives. 3. As for example in the case of two eagles fighting in the air for the possession of a killed prey, which ultimately falls down and is taken away by a fox. Presence of neck: It provides mobility to the head, which enhances the efficiency of eyes. Therefore, altruism is promoted by kin selection and close genetic kinship. Prosimians such as tarsiers, bush babies and lorises are mostly nocturnal and highly arboreal primates. Behavior - An action or series of actions performed in response to a stimuli. birds of paradise, peacock, pheasants, grouse etc. The quick or immediate response toward stimulus is called reflex action. Due to migration fish could get safe shelter and enough food. They are also killed by predators such as hawks during migration. Kin selection works not on individuals but on genotypes. These small units together form large bands that live together, sleep together and defend them collectively from predators. Shape, size and colour of feathers have evolved for displaying and dancing. Claws: The digits have sharp and well developed claws in arboreal animals. Many instead create a paper-like substance primarily from wood pulp, which is gathered locally from weathered wood that is softened by chewing and mixing with saliva. A colony may have few thousand to over 500,000 individuals. Klinotaxis occurs in those animals which have single receptor, as in Euglena, which compares the intensity of stimulus by alternate lateral movements. Latitudinal Migration: The migration of birds from north to south or vice versa is called latitudinal migration. Wildlife especially endangered species must be kept preserved by protecting habitat of wildlife. In buzzard (Buteo) male and female hook their claws and fly in circles before mating. 4. One male is dominant and others subordinate. 1. This is automatic or involuntary action. The movement of fishes from one place to another place for food, shelter, breeding, or protection is called migratory behavior of fishes. hygrokinsis is with respect to humidity as in isopods; photokinesis in which stimulus is gradient of light and chemokinesis is with respect to chemical stimuli.
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