This is one of its most important qualaties. The archlute largely replaced the theorbo in England at the beginning of the 18th century. Two choirs of gut strings seems to be the practical maximum, though a third choir strung in brass is sometimes found. Adding more strings to achieve tonal interest is avoided, and resonate construction maintained. Perhaps one player would play both instruments. The archlute was often used as a solo instrument for the first three-quarters of the 17th century, but is rarely mentioned as a continuo instrument in this period, the theorbo being the lute class instrument with this role. While historical references indicate differing approaches to design, there is general agreement that whereas harpsichords are designed to be strung in metal, the use of gut strings is of primary importance in a lute-harpsichord. Its two gut-stringed stops together made up a double-tuned, 16-foot stop, with the pairs in the lower octave-and-a-half tuned an octave apart, and in the upper range in unison. Baroque Music Library Lighter construction is made possible, enabling a lautenwerck to better respond to the less energetic gut string. This sort of elaboration is most often reserved for instruments having more than one manual. Over a period of some three centuries there are plenty of references to gut-stringed instruments that resemble the harpsichord and imitate the delicate soft timbre of the lute (including its lower-sounding variants, the theorbo and chitarrone or archlute) or the harp, but little concrete information. This requires that more space be given between adjacent strings to avoid interference. Baroque Music Library Theorbo and Archlute. Much of the available information relates to three 18th century German instrument makers: Johann Christoph Fleischer of Hamburg, Johann Nicolaus Bach and the organ builder Zacharias Hildebrandt. Theorbo, large bass lute, or archlute, used from the 16th to the 18th century for song accompaniments and for basso continuo parts. Baroque Music Defined C.1610). Because of the range of the instrument, its highest tones never interfere with or obscure those of the singer, whether soprano, alto, tenor or bass. baroque guitar. Johann Nicolaus Bach (a second cousin of Johann Sebastian) was a composer, organist and instrument maker in Jena. This allows one to dispense with dampers to a large degree. The BAROQUE MUSIC HOME PAGE - www.BaroqueMusic.org Portraits of the major baroque composers. Among other instruments, he now offers two models of lute-harpsichord from his own workshops. Theorbo, large bass lute, or archlute, used from the 16th to the 18th century for song accompaniments and for basso continuo parts. Thus lautenwercke are often smaller than their metal-strung relatives. GOTTFRIED SILBERMANN: Master Organ-Builder of the German Baroque. Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License; additional terms may apply. Music for solo archlute is usually notated in tablature. After Stradivari. Modern composers for archlute include Roman Turovsky and Konstantin Bozhinov. There is often confusion between classification of the chitarrone, theorbo and archlute. Pitch for a given string length however, is a function, not only of length, but also of string material and tension. GOTTFRIED SILBERMANN: Master Organ-Builder of the German Baroque. The Baroque Composers' Portrait Gallery Dynamic and color variation can also be pursued by using plectra having different properties. Both lute and archlute are differentiated from the "tradional" lute in that they have a neck extension and additional tuning box to provide strong bass diapasons (or bourdons); in essence, both are a kind of archlute.
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