The Chicago Defender not only encouraged people to migrate north for a better life, but to fight for their rights once they got there. For other people named Robert Abbott, see, Lochard, Metz T. P. "Phylon Profile, XII: Robert S. Abbott --"Race Leader.". “We have to continually evolve our focus to reflect the habits of our readers and our audience,” they wrote. Abbott officially joined the Baháʼí Faith in 1934. From 1890 to 1908 all the southern states had passed constitutions or laws that raised barriers to voter registration and effectively disenfranchised most blacks and many poor whites. And he eventually used his editorial page to encourage black Americans to make the journey north. Plaque unveiled on Chicago Defender’s 70th birthday celebration. Blue, Jr., John T. "Review: The Black Mr. The parade, which has developed into a celebration for youth, education and African–American life in Chicago, Illinois; Is the second largest parade in the United States. ", Buck, Christopher. About the Chicago Defender’s Fifth and Final Home, Join our newsletter and get updates in your inbox. Drawn to Chicago from Georgia for the World’s Columbian Exposition in 1893 — where he met Frederick Douglass and Ida B. Abbott, the paper’s founder, and his managing editor, already had a “youth page,” and decided to create a club named for the mythical “Bud Billiken” — associated with an ancient Chinese character believed to be the guardian angel of all children, according to the Encyclopedia of Chicago. All Rights Reserved. He listed nine goals as the Defender′s 'Bible:'. [11] This persuasive writing, "thereby made this journal probably the greatest stimulus that the migration had,". Mamie Till-Mobley, the mother of Emmett Till, highlighted the national reach of the paper in the Civil Rights movement when explaining her choice to hold an open-casket funeral following her son’s infamous 1955 lynching during a visit to Mississippi. When it became a daily newspaper in 1956, the Defender counted literary heavyweights Gwendolyn Brooks and Langston Hughes among its ranks. Together the couple had seven children; their family crossed rigid racial boundaries. Circulation dwindled to 30,000 by the mid-1990s as the newspaper industry was decimated by advertising losses. Chicago Defender founder/publisher Robert S. Abbott. [citation needed], Abbot was born on November 24, 1870, in St. Simons, Georgia (although some sources state Savannah, Georgia[5]) to freedman parents, who had been enslaved before the American Civil War. “When someone asks about a black newspaper in Chicago, people automatically say ‘Chicago Defender,’“ said Dorothy Leavell, publisher of the Chicago Crusader. Abbott, through his writings in the Chicago Defender, expressed those stories and encouraged people to leave the South for the North.
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