The higher global CO2 emissions cannot be explained by outliers, as our maximum value is in the same order of magnitude as the measured maximum (Table 3). The following chart shows breakdown of a real-world Vattenfall nuclear power plant in Sweden based on their Environmental Product Declaration. Our estimate of total carbon emissions exceeds previous estimates by far, due to large CO2 emissions. Carbon footprints of hydropower plants across the world (a) and hydropower plants with high methane emissions (≥ 10 kg CH4/MWh) and a large share of methane emissions (≥ 50% of the carbon footprint) (b). Adv. We applied the calibrated model to a dataset of 1473 hydropower plants across the world (Fig 1). [7] and Hertwich [8] with the exception of the model predicting areal CO2 fluxes, which performs comparably to the previous model (Table 1). If the year of dam completion was missing, various online sources were consulted including the AQUASTAT dam database [19]. -, Environ Sci Technol. At times, assessments variably and sometimes inconsistently include the global warming potential that results from decommissioning the energy supplying facility, once it has reached its designed life-span. It also identifies those dams where methane emissions are relevant and biogas electricity could be combined with hydropower. We identified 187 dams with a high CH4 recovery potential, located mainly in the United States, India and West Africa (Fig 1). Discover a faster, simpler path to publishing in a high-quality journal. Statistics Finland. Bioscience. The analyses represent the year 2009. In addition, uncertainties of estimates remain high, as the comparison of the two approaches (per energy unit and areal fluxes) reveals, with a production-weighted average coefficient of variation (CV) of 57%, 43% and 29% for CO2, CH4 and CO2e emissions, respectively. Funding: The authors received no specific funding for this work. Although the global warming potential of biogenic CO2 can differ from fossil CO2, they were assumed to be equal, as the flooded biomass is not replanted and therefore no significant removal of emissions during regrowth can take place [25]. Three hydroelectric reservoirs (Kralkızı, Dicle and Batman) in the Tigris River basin (Turkey) were sampled monthly during one year in order to reveal spatial and seasonal changes in aqueous partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) and to estimate diffusive fluxes of CO2 from the reservoirs’ surface water. Climate change is, although crucial, only one aspect in such a set of criteria. Get the latest public health information from CDC: https://www.coronavirus.gov. An assessment of around 180 ocean technologies found that the GWP of ocean technologies varies between 15 and 105 gCO2eq/kWh, with an average of 53 gCO2eq/kWh. Therefore, multiple criteria have to be examined in order to determine the optimal location for a reservoir [30]. [30], 2014 IPCC, Global warming potential of selected electricity sources, Bioenergy with carbon capture and storage, Cutoff points of calculations and estimates of how long plants last, Life-cycle greenhouse-gas emissions of energy sources, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, environmental impact of reservoirs#Greenhouse gases, bio-energy with carbon capture and storage, Convention on Environmental Impact Assessment in a Transboundary Context, Bio-energy with carbon capture and storage, Nuclear power proposed as renewable energy, Afşin C power station environmental impact report, Ministry of Environment and Urban Planning (Turkey), "Full lifecycle emissions intensity of global coal and gas supply for heat generation, 2018 – Charts – Data & Statistics", Nuclear Power Results – Life Cycle Assessment Harmonization, "IPCC Working Group III – Mitigation of Climate Change, Annex III: Technology - specific cost and performance parameters - Table A.III.2 (Emissions of selected electricity supply technologies (gCO 2eq/kWh))", "IPCC Working Group III – Mitigation of Climate Change, Annex II Metrics and Methodology - A.II.9.3 (Lifecycle greenhouse gas emissions)", "EPD Search - The International EPD® System", "Report: UK Government's net-zero plans 'over-reliant' on biomass and carbon capture", "Nuclear energy: assessing the emissions", "EÜAŞ 1800 MW'lık Afşin C Termik Santrali için çalışmalara başlıyor", "CO2 emissions from geothermal power plants: evaluation of technical solutions for CO2 reinjection", "Life cycle assessment of ocean energy technologies", "life cycle assessment of electricity generation from an array of subsea tidal kite prototypes", "WindEconomics: Extending lifetimes lowers nuclear costs", "A breakthrough approaches for solar power", "What's the Lifespan for a Nuclear Reactor?
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