Source: NORSOK D-001, Drilling facilities, Rev. In order to accomplish these functions through seawater, an outer casing, called a riser, must extend from the seafloor to the platform. The reliance on divers in subsea operations began to fade in the 1970s, when the first unmanned vehicles or remotely operated vehicles (ROVs) were adapted from space technologies. ... Construction of the Liuhua 29-1 field facilities for the Liwan gas project in the South China Sea reached the 95% mark in mid-year, according to Husky Energy. Spar Platform - Spar Platforms use a large cylinder to support the floating deck from the sea floor. This type of platform can be installed in water depth up to 500 meters (1,600 feet). Such ships were originally held in position by six or more anchors, although some vessels were capable of precise maneuvering with directional thrust propellers. Drilling can also be performed from a fixed-position installation such as a fixed platform, or a floating platform, such as a spar platform, a tension-leg platform, or a semi-submersible production platform. [3], It has not been technologically and economically feasible for many years, but with rising oil prices, more companies are investing in this area. Deepwater drilling is the exploration and extraction of petroleum and natural gas at depths of several thousands of feet (appx. Deepwater Drilling is the process of drilling oil wells in offshore locations, i.e., in seas or oceans up to a depth of 150 meters. They direct produced oil to flowlines coincidental to distributing injected water, gas, or chemicals. It is essentially a small-scale tension-leg platform system that allows for side-to-side movement but minimizes up-and-down movement. Even so, these drill ships roll and pitch from wave action, making the drilling difficult. Get kids back-to-school ready with Expedition: Learn! There the legs are cranked downward by a rack-and-pinion gearing system until they encounter the seafloor and actually raise the platform 10 to 20 metres (33 to 66 feet) above the surface. Then the platform is raised up out of the water. [5], Recent industry analysis by Visiongain has estimated that the total expenditure in the global deepwater infrastructure market would reach $145bn in 2011.[6]. On average, about 90% of the Spar Platform's structure is underwater. A guidance system will be especially necessary if the well is to be put into production after the drilling platform is moved away. After such a platform is towed to the drilling site, flotation tanks built into the base are flooded, and the base sinks to the ocean floor. IADC expressly recognizes the copyrights of contributors to this Lexicon, including API, OGP, ISO, NORSOK and DNV. IADC expressly recognizes the copyrights of contributors to this Lexicon, including API, OGP, ISO, NORSOK and DNV.
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