453 residents and 372 nonresident citizens. They are: Queen Kristina of Sweden (1626-1689) Countess Mathilda of Tuscan [89] Some individuals are also authorized to reside in the city but do not qualify or choose not to request citizenship. The Governorate oversees a modern security and police corps, the Corpo della Gendarmeria dello Stato della Città del Vaticano. [102], The closest metro station is Ottaviano – San Pietro – Musei Vaticani. [45], Castel Gandolfo and the named basilicas are patrolled internally by police agents of Vatican City State and not by Italian police. For these audiences and for major ceremonies in Saint Peter's Basilica and Square, tickets free of charge must be obtained beforehand. The languages include Italian, Latin, French, and various other languages as pertaining to the current residents. The Holy See itself has existed continuously as a juridical entity since Roman Imperial times and has been internationally recognized as a powerful and independent sovereign entity since Late Antiquity to the present, without interruption even at times when it was deprived of territory (e.g. The Institute for Works of Religion (IOR, Istituto per le Opere di Religione), also known as the Vatican Bank, is a financial agency situated in the Vatican that conducts worldwide financial activities. Some 1,500 people were killed; Pius XII himself, who had been described in the previous month as "worried sick" about the possible bombing, viewed the aftermath. According to the Lateran Treaty (Art. [91] Italian is also the everyday language used by most of those who work in the state. Pope Francis also appointed an auditor-general authorized to carry out random audits of any agency at any time, and engaged a US financial services company to review the Vatican's 19,000 accounts to ensure compliance with international money laundering practices. ", "Vatican financial system restructuring begins with new secretariat", "Law on citizenship, residence and access", "Vatican City drinks more wine per person than anywhere else in the world", "Behind The Walls: What It's Like To Live Inside The Vatican, For A Woman", "QI: some quite interesting facts about Popes", "Vatican City – UNESCO World Heritage Centre", "The Vatican Museums & St Peter's, Rome; getting there -", On call 24/7: Vatican phone system directs thousands of call each day, "Hail Marys Not Needed: Vatican Mail Will Deliver", "Vatican City State set to end sale of single-use plastics", "Vatican surpasses all nations... in pickpockets? Issuance of euro-denominated coins is strictly limited by treaty, though somewhat more than usual is allowed in a year in which there is a change in the papacy. [22], Because of its vicinity to their arch-fiend, the Etruscan city of Veii (another naming for the Ager Vaticanus was Ripa Veientana or Ripa Etrusca) and for being subjected to the floods of the Tiber, the Romans considered this originally uninhabited part of Rome insalubrious and ominous. They claimed the new building would block views of the Basilica from nearby Italian apartments. He is the only absolute monarch in Europe. Acts of the commission must be approved by the Pope, through the Holy See's Secretariat of State, and before taking effect must be published in a special appendix of the Acta Apostolicae Sedis. St. Peter's Basilica, whose successive architects include Bramante, Michelangelo, Giacomo della Porta, Maderno and Bernini, is a renowned work of Renaissance architecture. Ancient tradition holds that it was in this circus that Saint Peter was crucified upside-down. The name "Vatican" was already in use in the time of the Roman Republic for the Ager Vaticanus, a marshy area on the west bank of the Tiber across from the city of Rome, located between the Janiculum, the Vatican Hill and Monte Mario, down to the Aventine Hill and up to the confluence of the Cremera creek. It is in this territory that St. Peter's Basilica, the Apostolic Palace, the Sistine Chapel, and museums were built, along with various other buildings. A shrine dedicated to the Phrygian goddess Cybele and her consort Attis remained active long after the ancient Basilica of St. Peter was built nearby. [95] Further oddities are petty crimes against tourists resulting in a very high per-capita crime rate,[96] and the city-state leading the world in per-capita wine consumption. A palace was constructed nearby as early as the 5th century during the pontificate of Pope Symmachus (reigned 498–514).[32]. Vatican City's climate is the same as Rome's: a temperate, Mediterranean climate Csa with mild, rainy winters from October to mid-May and hot, dry summers from May to September.
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