Hydroelectric projects provide the most efficient means of producing electric energy (at about 90 percent efficiency). Hydroelectric Dams Pros. "While the Three Gorges project provides huge comprehensive benefits, there are urgent problems that need to be addressed, such as stabilizing and improving living conditions for relocated people, protecting the environment, and preventing geological disasters," China's cabinet, the State Council, said in a. This information should not be considered complete, up to date, and is not intended to be used in place of a visit, consultation, or advice of a legal, medical, or any other professional. Three Gorges Dam is the largest hydropower project ever built. The water in the reservoir saturates and erodes the base of the cliffs, and the fluctuation in water levels changes the weight of the reservoir and the pressure on the slopes, destabilizing the shoreline, The first disaster came in 2003, shortly after the reservoir started to fill for the first time. During a "once-a-century flood" more than 244 billion cubic meters of water -- or about twice the volume of the Dead Sea -- can pass through the Three Gorges in two months, according to Fan's calculations. Workers hold up a layout plan of the Three Gorges Dam project by the Yangtze river in Hubei province in September 1995. The Commission also determines charges for a licensee's use of federal lands, federal dams, and Native American reservations. The leading states in hydroelectric power generation are California, Massachusetts, Idaho, Oregon, and Washington. The lowering of water levels creates 22 billion cubic meters of storage space -- enough to contain nearly 9 million Olympic-size swimming pools of water. Along the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze are some of China's most densely populated areas. Commission costs are offset by annual charges collected from license and exemption holders. Before projects are constructed, the Commission staff reviews and approves the designs, plans, and specifications of dams, powerhouses, and other structures. Dam safety and public safety inspections are also coordinated from Washington DC. The electricity generated by dams is in little danger of long-term dissipation. FERC-regulated hydroelectric projects are found in all states except for Delaware, Mississippi, North Dakota, and Hawaii. The Three Gorges Dam is an awe-inspiring structure. At many projects, licensees take the initiative and install safety devices, or implement safety measures. Scientists argue that the weight of the large reservoir and the permeation of water into the rocks underneath can trigger earthquakes in regions already under considerable tectonic stress. Chiang even sent dozens of Chinese engineers to the US for training, but the project was abandoned during the Chinese Civil War. This information is applied in investigating and performing structural analyses of hydroelectric projects in these potentially affected areas. 25 percent non-federal publicly owned (for example irrigation districts, cities, and water districts). FERC staff ensures compliance with the numerous terms and conditions contained in each of the licenses and exemptions issued. The dam, which sits near two major fault lines, has also been blamed for a surge in earthquakes in the region. For China's imperial rulers, the ability to harness rivers not only saved lives and brought prosperity, but also gave legitimacy to their reign, as natural disasters were taken as a sign that the emperor had lost the mandate of heaven, by which he ruled. But dams with hydropower facilities do "produce a lot of cheap energy, and it's renewable," said Matthijs Kok, a hydraulic engineering professor at Delft University of Technology. Due to concern that seismic events will adversely affect dams, the Commission retains the services of consultants for help at specific dams. But following the Tiananmen Square massacre in 1989, open dissent was stifled and the political atmosphere turned oppressive. Here's how it works: the enormous dam is situated on an upstream section of the Yangtze and helps prevent flooding downstream by trapping rainwater in a huge reservoir, and then controlling the release of that water through its sluice gates. This ambition to control water resources has only grown in modern times, with the prowess of technology. The problem is when you have a lot of people living in the areas that are subject to flooding," Shankman said. Hydroelectric power regulation was the first work undertaken by the Federal Power Commission, the Commission's predecessor, after Congress passed the Federal Water Power Act of 1920. Engineers located in New York, Atlanta, Chicago, San Francisco, and Portland (Oregon) inspect all projects periodically to ensure dam safety and public safety.
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