pinsk marshes ww2

However, the Soviet invasion of September 17, 1939, made the plans obsolete. It's published in 1940, when the WW2 had already begun, but the USSR was not actively invloved in … Each Record Group Fond is composed of lists (. The documents include authorizations of new addresses and approvals from Judenräte in other ghettos concerning relocation of Jews or return to Pinsk. The informer even had a theory about why the Jewish woman had removed the star: she did it “to circulate among the wagoners.” The “defendant” offered a different version of affairs: it was true that she had been in the street without the star, but, she claimed, she had forgotten to put it on because she had run into the street to look for her brother, who would give her a permit to obtain bread at the bakery. However extensive the archival documentation on Pinsk, one may also assume that additional material exists in other archives, in Pinsk itself or in other state archives. For example, first it asked for permission to open bakeries and, after this was approved, followed up with an additional request: “Now that you have approved the bakeries, we are applying for flour.” Once this was accomplished, the Judenrat sought permission to sell bread to Jews for two rubles per kilogram, arguing that “this way we can use one ruble for our expenses.”53, Due to its importance, bread was a main issue in the Judenrat’s correspondence. List of Jewish men prepared by the Judenrat, August 1941, YVA, M-41/940. Migration catalogues (arrivals and departures) in Pinsk and the vicinity, 1939–1941, YVA, M-41/2292-2661. Since the documentation in our possession deals mainly with municipal nationalizations, the lists of homeowners whose property was seized by the Ispolkom (Ispolnitelny Komitet, the Executive Committee) includes the names of many Jews. A month later, however, the study of Hebrew language and literature was prohibited, and Yiddish was declared the language of instruction for all subjects in Hebrew-speaking schools. It is located in the Pinsk marshes on the Belarus/Ukrainian border and the year is 1940, the beginning of World War II. Acrid anti-religious propaganda was conducted and it became dangerous to perform weddings according to Jewish tradition.17, The authorities’ suspicious attitude toward the citizens was augmented by their negative attitude toward refugees, who flooded Pinsk immediately after the war broke out. The list also notes the names of dentists, bacteriologists, and dental technicians. I cannot work because I have to go to school but I can earn some money as a member of the municipal band because it plays in the evenings. As the occupiers needed hands for physical work, and having no agency to regulate labor, they abducted workers in the streets. Fascinating material of this type may be found in orders to pay fines and remit penalties for tax infractions and in requests to repeal fines.75 The “transgression” of absence from work for one day or longer resulted in a fine of 60 rubles or six days in prison. Those whose homes were inside the ghetto helped those who were about to join them. Jewish national education was banned, and the schools resounded with anti-religious propaganda.15. The correspondence shows that a few of them, considering themselves the victims of an injustice, contacted the municipal Order Department and explained why the fine should be repealed. Many families were left without savings. World War I and the Polish-Russian war had serious effects on the Pinsk community, and its numbers were reduced from 28,000 in 1914, to only 15,000 or so. The file contains Judenrat orders concerning payment of contributions, October–December 1941, YVA, M-41/942. The catalogues note the migrants’ age, place of origin and next destination, and the dates on which they reached and left the town. I know a Jew who has an accordion, so I very much ask your permission to have the instrument given or lent to the municipal band. It attempted to maneuver between the authorities’ demands and the Jews’ needs and to repeal various decrees by petitioning the authorities repeatedly. The local population profited from the Jews’ tragedy. However, unlike the lists of women, we have no index for this list.82 There are directives with instructions on how to prepare lists of Jews, and lists including dates of birth, addresses, places of work, and occupations were indeed prepared. At first, the abductees were allowed to return to their homes each evening, beaten and injured; subsequently, they made sure not to appear in the streets. Shohat, “In the Second World War,” p. 291; Pesach Pakacz, “Soviet Rule in Pinsk,” Tamar and Rabinowitsch, eds.. Some refugees who had fled or had been expelled from the city returned, and Jewish public life— internal politics, economic affairs, education, and culture—resumed within the framework of the independent Polish state.

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