There is a need for systematic collection and analysis of economic data on a facility-by-facility and region-by-region basis. Not a MyNAP member yet? In addition, not all prevent public access along roads, but projects are not usually fenced from public use, although signage may discourage use. /Resources << They provide a level of mobility for people and products never before known, creating the first global economy, which is now so dependent on oil that price shocks have global impacts. Although the use of wind energy to generate electricity is increasing rapidly in the United States, government guidance to help communities and developers evaluate and plan proposed wind-energy projects is lacking. It is difficult to generalize about the effects of wind-energy projects on property values. Most wind projects to date have been located on or proposed for private land. uuid:c21533e2-3437-4c02-ae55-e5908d379a97 >> Are turbine types and sizes uniform within the wind resource area and over time? In other words, most processes are not very successful in addressing questions of what landscape or project characteristics would make a project aesthetically unacceptable or the impacts “undue.”. Does the developer have adequate liability insurance? Like a bumper sticker I once saw says to promote meditation, “Don’t just do something. Standards of acceptability need to be understood in the context of ambient (background) noise resulting from all other nearby and distant sources. Geographic Information System (GIS) data generally provide additional information concerning existing vegetation and structures along with their primary use (residence, camp, or business). Offshore wind turbines are also changing marine ecosystems. The offshore turbines are huge but mostly their concrete and steel structures sit underwater. /CropBox [0.0 0.0 595.276 841.89] /GS1 27 0 R In relation to the components that make up a wind turbine, the tower and nacelle have very little effect on reception (i.e., only a small amount of blocking, reflection, and diffraction occurs). Models such as JEDI can improve understanding of the economic impacts of new energy facilities, especially when those impacts are considered at the macro level. These effects are described by the Radar Cross Section (RCS). The discussion of aesthetic impacts earlier in this chapter is relevant. In the context of wind-energy projects, EMI often is discussed in relation to the following telecommunications facilities: Television broadcast transmissions (approx 50 MHz-1 GHz), Radio broadcast transmissions (approx 1.5 MHz [AM] and 100 MHz [FM]), Microwave/radio “fixed links” (approx 3-60 GHz). << Work to make counter-culture energy conservation the new normal. ergy project to take such actions when shadow flicker is indicated might be useful. There is considerable variability in the review of proposed projects. In addition to its intensity, the frequency of the shadow flicker is of importance. Viewshed mapping can identify potential visibility. Our actions often have unintended consequences. /BleedBox [0.0 0.0 595.276 841.89] These included safety issues, elec- tromagnetic interference, visual impacts, noise impacts, wildlife collisions (Man- ning 1983), and disturbance caused by moving shadows (Verkuijlen and Westra 1985). When a wind farm is built, the land value of surrounding homes and businesses is likely to be affected.
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