Unlike Apollo, Soyuz, Dragon, or any other capsule-based spacecraft, which had a launch escape system that could immediately separate the crew capsule from the rest of the launch vehicle and place it in a safe vector to parachute back to the surface, the Shuttle was expected to pitch end-over-end, with the external fuel tank still attached, in an attempt to return to a runway near the launch pad. Thanks for pointing this out. Only two of them are necessarily bad. Yes. Honestly, I could understand that line of thinking if he were talking about ordinary members of the public who are utterly unprepared for a life and death situation. What damage would it therefore cause, and so what was the threat to Columbia during re-entry? Highly schooled, intelligent and "honest" people don't do this. As a starter, you should never put a single word on a slide that you do not say out-loud. I heard one possible reason for underestimating the damage was due to the move of a NASA (or the contractor?) I agree that they conclusion is much more clear than the single slide implies. Two years after the accident, NASA looked again at the concept of 'engineering by PowerPoint', comparing it with other presentation At this time Columbia was traveling at a speed of about 2300 feet/second (fps) through an altitude of about 65,900 feet. Funny how the brain works. Instead of an Apollo-13 style "Failure is not an option" effort, Jon Harpold, then the director of Mission Operations, is reported to have said. The impact appears to be totally on the lower surface and no particles are seen to traverse over the upper surface of the wing. As the person writing the txt/ppt/whatever it's your job to put the emphasis on the important part: the 600x difference. A main document frames facts, possibly with graphs and other features used to reach the conclusions and explain why different points are salient. Visual evidence and other sensor data established that the debris came from the bipod ramp area and impacted the wing on the wing leading edge. But I think this is a vast over-simplification. In the next sentence the author also says the damage was caused by foam "hitting the wing nine times faster than a fired bullet." They chose to rush it, and people died. below. The authors of the slide either lacked the ability to analyze problems, or lacked the ability to communicate their opinions, or were intentionally obscuring their opinions. The crew was the usual blend of youth and experience. The CAIB report really is a masterpiece (as is Feynman’s appendix to the Challenger report) of understanding how the understanding of risk can be subjugated to organizational pressures over time. Just because their mistake didn't push the failure rate past the acceptable limit doesn't absolve them of anything. So how could NASA have made such a terrible decision? The folks making these decisions didn't just act in a vacuum, they were a product of NASA, systems engineering at large, a bureaucratic institution, and our own societal norms. The slide in the article has the same text, but is a recreation of the original (The Calibri typeface used wasn't part of PowerPoint until 2007). It's negligence. If anything, the Columbia was a victim of > Not firing or disciplining these managers will cause similar disasters in future. For some reason, the articles never seem to ask the obvious questions or make the obvious connections. Not really. Once I've done everything else and gotten my gloves on, it's a pain to take them off again to buckle it up if I forget, and a few times I just shrugged it off and rode anyway. According to Edward Tufte, professor emeritus in political science, computer science at Yale University, the danger of the allowing Columbia to attempt reentry rested on a particular slide inside a PowerPoint presentation that NASA engineers gave to NASA managers. > But that doesn't mean the PPT slide is at fault. The blue In my life up until now, I'd always believed the best of people and doubly so of NASA. The basic information is there for a very significant point--we know penetration can happen with a sufficiently large or sufficiently fast-moving piece of foam, and this piece of foam is 600 times bigger than anything we tested before. This wasn't a one-off decision. scientific experiments. The solution is simple: Neither create nor accept outline-style PowerPoint presentations. Thousands of successful takeoffs in a row make it hard sometimes to remember that each one is a completely independent event. we shouldn't risk ours or anyone elses lives upon it. The slide clearly states that the penetration velocity depends on "volume/mass of the projectile"--i.e. It is not a helpful way to present data if the goal is to understand what went wrong in the hope of avoiding making the same mistake in future. NASA knew about the foam damage from reviewing launch videos and there were a lot of emails discussing it. Created Aug 12, 2008 | Updated Sep 15, 2008. The title is: "Review of Test Data Indicates Conservatism for Tile Penetration." lectures, but the ease with which they could now knock up a slide set with colour, graphics, animations and all sorts of multimedia inserts most powerful when it provides supporting information - pictures, graphs, etc - or when it reinforces your main arguments by listing them as
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