About one-tenth of the country is set aside as a nature preserve. [36] [37] The Russian neopagan organisation "Vene Rahvausu Kogudus Eestis" is registered in Tartu. During the Soviet era, the Russian language was imposed in parallel to, and often instead of, Estonian in official use. [40], According to the data of Statistics Estonia, 1,328,976 persons lived in Estonia on 1 January 2020. Life expectancy in Estonia is lower than in most Western European countries. The latest census in Albania was performed in April 2011, and has been deemed as unreliable both within and outside Albania. Moreover, the Estonian economy has been cited as one of the most liberal in Europe; it has a balanced national budget, flat-rate income tax, and very few customs tariffs. During Estonia’s tenure as a Soviet republic, its agriculture was collectivized. [5]. Northern Estonia is characterized by long narrow swells consisting of deposits left by glacial rivers that formed during the melting of ice. Get exclusive access to content from our 1768 First Edition with your subscription. The population increased from 1,351,640 in January 1970 to 1,570,599 in January 1990. As of 2018, the total fertility rate (TFR) across Russia was estimated to be 1.58 born per woman, one of the lowest fertility rates in the world, below the replacement rate of 2.1, and considerably below the high of 7.44 children born per woman in 1908. The total number of the older population is projected to increase greatly within the coming decades, with rising proportions of the post-war baby-boom generations reaching retirement. One-third of the standard vocabulary is derived from adding suffixes to root words. The population decreased to 1,294,455 by December 2011, a figure lower than that recorded in 1970. [15]. Other cities of significance are Narva, Kohtla-Järve, and Pärnu. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. Major Jewish communities were present in Estonia between 1918 and 1940 in Tallinn, Pärnu, Kilingi-Nõmme, Narva, Tartu, Valga, and Võru. The main production centres are Tallinn, Tartu, Narva, Pärnu, Kehra, Kuressaare (Kingissepa), and Viljandi. These five groups made up 98.4% of Estonia's population. Its population density is 259 people per square kilometre, with England having significantly greater density than Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland. On the other hand, Estonia’s information technology and telecommunications industries began to blossom at the end of the 20th century. Birds are numerous and migratory; more than 300 species have been identified, few of which are year-round residents. The male and female populations … Data from 2000–2009 also shows that the number of emigrants is larger than the number of immigrants, but on a much lower lever than in the 1990s. A population pyramid illustrates the age and sex structure of a country's population and may provide insights about political and social stability, as well as economic development. In addition to imported raw materials, Estonian industry uses local resources, such as those that provide the base materials for the construction industry, including cement, mural blocks, and panels made from either shale ash or reinforced concrete. The Estonian economy experienced an initial downturn during its transition to a market economy (characterized by declining production, inflation, and unemployment), but by the mid-1990s it had rebounded, with some improvement across the decade following. [4] Due to the low birth rates after 1990, the proportion of the population 0–14 years of age dropped to 15% in 2009, while the proportion of 65 years or older gradually increased to 17% in 2009. Ethnic Estonians make up the vast majority of the rural population, while the urban population has a preponderance of non-Estonians. In 1994, the lowest life expectancy was recorded: 60.5 years in males and 72.8 in females. The demographics of Estonia in the twenty-first century result from historical trends over more than a thousand years, as with most European countries, but have been disproportionately influenced by events in the last half of the twentieth century. Mother tongue and command of foreign languages. [41], Preliminary data, based on registration: [42] [43]. Estonia’s area includes some 1,500 islands and islets; the two largest of these islands, Saaremaa and Hiiumaa, are off mainland Estonia’s west coast. In the same period the proportion of ethnic Russians decreased from 30.0% to 25.6%, the proportion of ethnic Ukrainians decreased from 3.1% to 2.1%, and the proportion of ethnic Belarusians decreased from 1.8% to 1.2%. Sweden and Finland are the biggest foreign investors, providing three-fourths of external investment in the early 21st century. At that time Estonians were still the predominant ethnic group, while all others constituted 12% of the population of Estonia. This article is about the demographic features of the population of Albania, including population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population. With a population of 142.8 million according to the 2010 census, which rose to 146.7 million as of 2020, Russia is the most populous country in Europe and the ninth-most populous country in the world.
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