decimal points. Passing data between Oracle and your application program requires host variables and event handling. higher of the two operands in the following hierarchy: Use functions as you would in an equation. You can use the FORTRAN PARAMETER statement inside or outside the Declare Section to assign constant values to host variables, as the following example shows: Using the FORTRAN COMMON statement, you can keep host variables and arrays in a common storage area as if they were globally defined, so that their values can be used in different program units. Host variables declared in a program unit are local to that unit, and host variables declared in the main program are not global. here. For example, both of the following statements are invalid: You can automatically log on to the Oracle using the following userid: where prefix is the value of the Oracle initialization parameter OS_AUTHENT_PREFIX (the default value is OPS$) and username is your operating system user or task name. Embedded SQL statements are terminated by an end-of-line, as the following example shows: However, a continuation character on the next line overrides an end-of-line. An indicator variable is always associated with a host variable. integers. No more than one statement can appear on a single line. If a program unit contains SQL statements, it must, define all local host variables in its Declare Section, INCLUDE the SQLCA when MODE={ORACLE|ANSI13}, declare a variable named SQLATA or SQLCOD inside or outside the Declare Section when MODE={ANSI|ANSI14}, INCLUDE the ORACA if you specify ORACA=YES. You can continue SQL statements from one line to the next, according to the rules of FORTRAN. See the PL/SQL User's Guide and Reference for complete information about cursor variables. For more information, see your Oracle system-specific documentation. exponentiation is performed right to left. Variables then, must be declared at the top of 4.4 The FORTRAN Computer Programming Language We will be using Fortran 77 to write our programs. To code a continuation line, place a nonzero, non-blank character in column 6. This chapter contains the following sections: This chapter provides the basic information you need to write a Pro*FORTRAN program, including: language-specific features and restrictions, how to declare and reference host variables, indicator variables, host arrays, and variable-length strings. The five arithmetic operators in FORTRAN are: Expressions are always carried out based on a set of priority rules: Type conversion occurs when you mix variables or constants of Ease of maintenance: only the stored procedure needs to be changed if the table changes. FORTRAN uses apostrophes to delimit string literals, as in, SQL also uses apostrophes to delimit string literals, as in, But SQL uses quotation marks to delimit identifiers containing special or lowercase characters, as in. However, it is good programming practice to use the same names for corresponding variables in each occurrence of a COMMON block. where host_variable is an input or output host variable (or host array) declared earlier in the Declare Section, ext_type_name is the name of a valid external datatype, and length is an integer literal specifying a valid length in bytes. This user, however, does not need to have read permission on the tables used in the query. length, blanks will be added (padded) on the right. Topics are arranged alphabetically for quick reference. For example: * If the constant is LONGER than the variable's defined For more information, see Chapter 2 of this manual and Chapter 8 of the Programmer's Guide to the Oracle Precompilers. For more information, see the Programmer's Guide to the Oracle Precompilers. x ranges from 1 to 255, and 1 is the default. FORTRAN string datatypes are fixed-length. The MODE option affects character data on input (from host variables to Oracle) and on output (from Oracle to host variables). Check your FORTRAN compiler user's guide. Unlike many other languages, FORTRAN requires text and You can associate FORTRAN numeric statement labels (1 - 99999) with SQL statements, as shown in the following example: And, you can reference statement labels in a WHENEVER DO or WHENEVER GOTO statement, as this example shows: Statement labels must be coded in columns 1 through 5, and must not appear in continuation lines. However, implicit declaration of host variables is not allowed; it triggers an "undeclared host variable" error message at precompile time. With fixed-length strings, to get the length of the value, your program must count the number of characters. As the following table shows, the external datatypes include all the internal datatypes plus several datatypes found in other supported host languages. You can use indicator arrays to assign nulls to input host arrays and to detect nulls or truncated values in output host arrays. In FORTRAN statements, you reference VARCHAR variables using the length variable and string variable names, as this example shows: Recall that the length variable of a VARCHAR must be a 2-byte integer.
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