Peter S. Cranston, Penny J. Gullan, in Encyclopedia of Insects (Second Edition), 2009. However, the larval labium is modified into a grasping device, called prehensile labial mask, which is used for capturing prey [ 19 , 20 ] with a special movement which is unique among insects [ 20 – 25 ]. The unfolding of beetle wings appears to be achieved by active, scissor-like movements of the bases of the main supporting veins, which set in action a cascade of interconnected, simple opening mechanisms similar to those used in pop-up books and three-dimensional greeting cards, assisted in places by elasticity in the cuticle. The naiads breathe with. Whether or not sperm removal is complete, males avoid sperm competition for fertilization of the eggs the female lays immediately after copula. reticulate venation; prominent eyes and small antennae. Traditionally, Ephemeroptera and Odonata were clustered in the clade Paleoptera, characterized by wings unable to be folded against the body at rest. The results are quite different from those that are based solely on morphology, although taxa such as Furcatergalia or Pannota were found to be monophyletic (Figure 34.1). The abdomen is elongated with accessory The suborder Carapacea is not basal, but nested with the family Oligoneuriidae at the base of Furcatergalia, whereas the suborders Setisura and Pisciforma are highly paraphyletic, as is the well-established superfamily Baetoidea (Baetidae + Siphlaenigmatidae). By contrast, many species reproduce in a wide variety of habitats. Simmons, M.T. obliquity of form, the pleural sclerites being directed downwards and forwards catching their food, in the form of small insects, on the wing. It is also important to bear in mind that female sperm-storage organ morphology will play an important part in determining the type of sperm competition avoidance mechanisms that evolves. Pantala flavescens, named the Wandering Glider, is an excellent example of a species that breeds on either side of both the Atlantic and Indian Oceans and has been termed a ‘compulsive migrant.’ They can remain in flight or gliding over the oceans for days at a time. In dragonflies it may resemble a “mask” covering the lower portion of the “face.” Almost all species of odonates live in freshwater habitats. The immature stages are aquatic and possess a highly modified prehensile labium for catching prey. Odonata, the order to which dragonflies and damselflies belong, inspire a wide range of emotions ranging from fear to admiration. The Odonata are an order of flying insects, the dragonflies and damselflies. Odonata are paleopterous, exopterygote insects whose closest relatives are the Ephemeroptera (mayflies). These insects characteristically have large rounded heads covered mostly by big compound eyes, legs that catch prey (other insects) in flight, two pairs of long, transparent wings that move independently, and long abdomens. Their legs are specialised for catching prey. -- They are all large insects, and in the Carboniferous period genera existed The major stimulus for detecting prey is movement. They can inflict serious bites if in almost every insect order, and considerable information on morphology However, a few species take stationary prey, apparently recognizing the prey by its shape. Frank Suhling, ... Jan van Tol, in Thorp and Covich's Freshwater Invertebrates (Fourth Edition), 2015. Diptera, especially mosquitoes and midges, are a major component of the adult diet. When foraging, dragonflies can be categorized as “perchers” or “fliers.” Perchers spend much of their time stationary, making short flights from perches to capture prey and then perching to consume it. Most of the praying mantids are cryptically colored to match the background where they sit and wait for prey. Numerous names have been given to dragonflies including ‘Horse-stingers,’ ‘Devil's Darning Needles,’ and ‘Snake Doctors.’ Despite some of their colloquial names, they cannot sting and don't bite. Simple folding back is achieved mainly by muscular rotation of the third axillary sclerite and folding of the wing base along the basal hinge between the sclerite and the side of the thorax and along the jugal fold line.
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