Population sizes vary, with six species classified as vulnerable with populations as low as 500, while the brown bear has a population of over 100,000 and the American black bear around 800,000. and others. [130], Bears have been popular subjects in art, literature, folklore and mythology. Bears reach sexual maturity shortly after they disperse; at around 3–6 years depending on the species. Bears are found in a wide variety of habitats including deserts, grasslands, tundra, forests, mountains, and ice floes. ", 10.2192/1537-6176(2006)17[95:TROABB]2.0.CO;2, "Predatory behavior of grizzly bears feeding on elk calves in Yellowstone National Park, 1986–1988", "Assessment and Update Status Report on the Grizzly Bear (, "Humming in bears: a peculiar sustained mammalian vocalization", 10.1644/1545-1410(2001)647<0001:ua>2.0.co;2, "Mating Strategies in Relation to Sexually Selected Infanticide in a Non-Social Carnivore: The Brown Bear", "The dilemma of female mate selection in the brown bear, a species with sexually selected infanticide", "Intraspecific predation in Scandinavian brown bears older than cubs-of-the-year", "Diseases and mortality in free-ranging brown bear (, "Denning ecology of brown bears and Asiatic black bears in the Russian Far East", "Studies on endoparasites of the black bear (, "Brown Bear – Threats Grizzlies: Found in 2% of their former range", "Keyword search: "Ursidae", Exact phrase, The entire database", 10.2192/1537-6176(2004)015<0181:PPOLCI>2.0.CO;2, 10.2192/1537-6176(2006)17[8:ABCAR]2.0.CO;2, 10.2192/1537-6176(2005)016[0130:HBCIEK]2.0.CO;2, "Polar Bear–Human Interactions in Canadian National Parks, 1986–2000", "Maulings by Bears: What's Behind the Recent Attacks? In addition to extant bears, a number of prehistoric species have been discovered and classified as a part of Ursidae. They are classified as caniforms, or doglike carnivorans. [91], The mating system of bears has variously been described as a form of polygyny, promiscuity and serial monogamy. Since the invention of firearms, people have been able to kill bears with greater ease. [30], The bears form a clade within the Carnivora. They are unique among carnivorans in not having touch-sensitive whiskers on the muzzle; however, they have an excellent sense of smell, better than that of the dog, or possibly any other mammal. They are capable of bursts of speed but soon tire, and as a result mostly rely on ambush rather than the chase. Bears however have a single type of melanin and the hairs have a single color throughout their length, apart from the tip which is sometimes a different shade. [26] They invaded South America (≈2.5 or 1.2 Ma) following formation of the Isthmus of Panama. [36] In the McKenna and Bell classification both bears and pinnipeds in a parvorder of carnivoran mammals known as Ursida, along with the extinct bear dogs of the family Amphicyonidae. Familia: Ursidae Subfamilia: Ailuropodinae – Tremarctinae – Ursinae Genera: †Agriarctos – †Ailurarctos – Ailuropoda – †Arctodus – †Arctotherium – Helarctos – †Kretzoiarctos – Melursus – Tremarctos – Ursus. [95][58] Male bears play no role in raising young. Bears' closest living relatives are the pinnipeds, canids, and musteloids. [132] A widespread belief among cultures of North America and northern Asia associated bears with shaman; this may be based on the solitary nature of both. [44], Bears are generally bulky and robust animals with short tails. Bears have been hunted since prehistoric times for their meat and fur; they have been used for bear-baiting and other forms of entertainment, such as being made to dance.
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